Specialist Gut Dietitian Marianne Williams

View Original

How diet can affect your immune system

The Power of a Balanced Diet

In the journey towards robust health and immunity, the foundation lies in the food we eat. A balanced diet, rich in diverse nutrients like proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, not only fuels our body's growth and vitality but also plays a crucial role in bolstering our immune defenses against diseases. However, the modern diet landscape, often characterized by excessive consumption of processed foods, has been linked to various health issues, including obesity and chronic diseases.

Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids: In the realm of immune health, the delicate balance between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids emerges as a key player. While omega-3s act as anti-inflammatory agents, promoting immune harmony, omega-6s, prevalent in processed vegetable oils, can fuel inflammation. Reclaiming this balance, often skewed in favor of omega-6s due to modern dietary habits, is crucial for immune resilience. Foods like grass-fed meats, eggs, and dairy products offer a healthier profile of omega-3s, supporting immune regulation and mitigating allergic responses.

Grass fed animals produce more omega-3 in their meat and dairy foods

The Mediterranean Diet: At the forefront of immune-supportive nutrition stands the revered Mediterranean diet, celebrated for its prowess in preventing chronic diseases and allergic conditions. Rich in monounsaturated fats, omega-3 fatty acids, and an abundance of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains, this dietary pattern epitomizes immune-nourishing cuisine. Similar dietary traditions from regions like the Nordic, Japanese, and Atlantic offer parallel benefits, emphasizing the importance of wholesome, locally sourced ingredients in fostering health and longevity.

The traditional Mediterranean diet is protective against chronic disease. This diet is typically high in monounsaturated fatty acid and omega-3 oils. It uses an abundance of fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, olive oil and allows moderate intake of dairy, fish and meats with no use of processed foods.

Inflammation and Diet: The link between diet and inflammation underscores the critical role of nutrition in immune modulation. Diets high in fats, sugars, and processed foods can stoke inflammatory pathways, compromising immune function. Conversely, embracing a dietary framework abundant in anti-inflammatory foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and omega-3 fats cultivates an environment conducive to immune resilience. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) serves as a valuable tool in assessing the inflammatory potential of foods, guiding individuals towards dietary choices that support immune health.

Processed foods have additives like emulsifiers and thickeners, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which may confuse our immune system and mess with our gut, potentially causing inflammation. These chemicals are often found in foods like ordinary bread and ice cream and many other processed foods. Check you food labels…

The Impact of Food Processing: Beyond nutrient composition, the processing of food exerts a profound influence on immune function. Ultra-processed foods, laden with additives and advanced glycation end products (AGEs), pose a threat to immune integrity, triggering inflammatory responses and allergic reactions.

Conversely, fermented foods like yogurt, kefir, and kimchi offer a boon to gut health and immune resilience, enriching the microbiome with beneficial bacteria that fortify our body's defenses.

Personalized Nutrition for Immune Health: As we navigate the complex interplay between diet and immune function, personalized nutrition emerges as a cornerstone of health promotion. Tailoring dietary recommendations to individual needs, preferences, and health status ensures optimal immune support and allergy management. By prioritizing nutrient-dense, minimally processed foods while minimizing inflammatory triggers, individuals can harness the transformative power of diet to bolster immune resilience and cultivate lifelong wellness.

Conclusion: In the quest for immune vitality, the significance of dietary choices cannot be overstated. From the nutrient-rich bounty of the Mediterranean diet to the nuanced impact of food processing on immune function, every dietary decision shapes our body's ability to ward off diseases and thrive. By embracing a dietary paradigm rooted in diversity, balance, and whole foods, we empower ourselves to nourish our immune system and embark on a journey towards lifelong vitality and well-being.

References:

The immune-supportive diet in allergy management: A narrative review and proposal. 2023. Berber Vlieg-Boerstra et al. European Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology

Nutritional Components in Western Diet Versus Mediterranean Diet at the Gut Microbiota–Immune System Interplay. Implications for Health and Disease. 2021. Cielo García-Montero et al. Nutrients.

How and why ultra-processed foods harm human health. 2024. Renata Bertazzi Levy et al. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 83 , Issue 1

Ultra-Processed Diets Cause Excess Calorie Intake and Weight Gain: An Inpatient Randomized Controlled Trial of Ad Libitum Food Intake. 2019. Kevin Hall et al. Cell Metabolism